What is Diabetic Eye Disease?

 

High blood sugar can damage the blood vessels in the back of the eye, leading to swelling, fluid leakage, or abnormal growth of new vessels. Collectively, these complications are known as diabetic eye disease and include:

• Diabetic Retinopathy – The most common cause of vision loss in people with diabetes. It damages the blood vessels in the retina, sometimes causing bleeding into the eye (seen as dark floaters or streaks). Risk increases the longer you’ve had diabetes, and women with diabetes who are pregnant are at especially high risk.

• Cataracts – A clouding of the lens that can blur vision, reduce color clarity, and cause glare. While cataracts are common with age, they often occur earlier in those with diabetes.

• Diabetic Macular Edema – Swelling in the macula, the part of the retina responsible for sharp central vision. It can cause partial vision loss or blindness.

• Glaucoma – Known as the “silent thief of sight,” glaucoma damages the optic nerve and progresses without symptoms until vision loss occurs. Diabetes increases your risk.

 

How We Diagnose Diabetic Eye Disease

 

During your exam, your Family Eye Care doctor may:

• Dilate your pupils to get a full view of the retina and optic nerve

• Use Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) to capture detailed images of your retinal blood vessels

• Perform other specialized tests to detect early signs of disease

These screenings allow us to identify problems before symptoms appear—when treatment is most effective.

 

Protecting Your Vision

 

Managing your blood sugar levels with the help of your primary care doctor is critical for preventing damage to your eyes. But even with good control, regular diabetic eye exams are essential.

Even if you feel fine and notice no changes in vision, diabetic eye disease can progress silently. Early detection is the best way to prevent vision loss.